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It               can               be               amusing,               and               sometimes               even               instructive,               to               observe               the               way               criminal               justice               is               presented               in               old               popular               entertainment-interrogations               in               pre-Miranda               days,               for               example,               or               police               pursuits               before               the               "fleeing               felon"               standards               were               overturned               in               the               1980s.

In               the               winter               of               1984,               the               popular               television               series               Dallas               presented               a               storyline               involving               a               government               employee               named               Edgar               Randolph,               who               was               being               pressured               by               the               series'               arch               villain               J.R.

Ewing               to               reveal               classified               information               on               government               oil               leases.

J.R.-presented               then,               as               always,               as               the               "bad               guy"-threatens               to               disclose               a               sexual               offense               against               a               child               for               which               Randolph               had               received               therapy               in               his               adolescence.

It               is               interesting               to               note,               a               little               over               two               decades               later,               that               the               storyline               would               be               impossible               to               broadcast               today.

Leaving               aside               the               near               impossibility               of               depicting               any               sexual               offender               in               anything               other               than               a               diabolical               light,               J.R.

would               be               irrelevant,               as               his               role               has               been               filled               by               our               own               public               leaders,               ostensibly               acting               in               the               public               interest.

The               national               outpouring               of               revulsion               at               lurid               sex               offenses               (especially               those               involving               child               victims)               that               culminated               in               the               establishment               of               public               sexual               offender               registries               in               every               state               has               not               abated,               and               as               of               this               writing               the               federal               government               has               climbed               on               the               bandwagon               by               creating               a               national               registration               system               with               conditions               that               are               considerably               more               severe               than               those               of               many               states.
               It               is               the               main               purpose               of               this               work               to               critically               examine               the               sex               offender               registration               system               as               it               now               exists-in               some               form-in               all               fifty               states.

The               arguments               presented               here               are               those               least               likely               to               be               heard               in               most               public               venues,               for               they               cut               against               the               grain               of               the               national               zeitgeist,               and               challenge               what               can               arguably               be               called               manufactured               public               opinion.

Nevertheless,               it               is               critically               important               to               consider               these               arguments,               for               they               call               into               question               the               desirability               of               the               continuation               of               this               system.

As               a               reflective               and               humane               society,               we               owe               it               to               ourselves               to               consider               whether               the               social               experiment               on               which               we               are               relying               to               keep               us               safe               has               instead               become               a               punitive               scarlet               letter               or               worse:               an               invitation               to               open               criminality.
               This               article               grew               out               of               the               author's               undergraduate               thesis               as               a               student               at               Madonna               University.

The               methodology               used               in               creating               it               involved               a               survey               of               online               sources               concerning               Megan's               Law               and               associated               issues--most               of               which               have               sprung               up               in               the               past               five               to               ten               years               as               the               drive               for               registration               and               community               notification               has               accelerated--followed               by               a               survey               of               available               professional               and               popular               literature,               which               is               available               in               copious               quantities               on               the               subject               of               sexual               offenses.

Because               a               major               concern               of               this               report               is               the               problem               of               sexual               offending               as               perceived               by               the               public,               popular               media               sources               are               often               cited.
               I               would               like               to               acknowledge               and               thank               Geoff               Birky               of               Ethical               Treatment               for               All               Youth               for               his               suggestions               and               encouragement               in               producing               the               article.

Geoff's               excellent               work               in               exposing               the               legal               and               psychiatric               abuse               experienced               by               young               people               mislabeled               as               sexual               offenders               has               been               filling               a               badly               neglected               void               for               a               number               of               years.
               II.

Emergence               of               the               registration               system.
               Child               sexual               abuse,               once               ignored               or               spoken               of               only               in               hushed               tones,               first               emerged               as               a               serious               criminological               and               public               concern               as               a               result               of               publicity               given               to               child               pornography               rings               in               the               late               1970s.

The               1980s               saw               an               increase               in               television               coverage               given               to               the               problem               of               molestation               by               acquaintances               or               caregivers,               and               for               a               time,               coverage               of               allegations               of               organized               child               sex               abuse               became               prominent.

The               notorious               McMartin               and               Fells               Acres               day               care               cases               served               as               sensational               press               fodder,               though               both               were               investigated               in               a               professionally               and               ethically               suspect               manner               and               resulted               in               numerous               false               charges               and,               in               the               latter               case,               dubious               convictions.

In               1993-1994               this               history               repeated               itself               with               a               sensational               city-wide               scandal               in               Wenatchee,               Washington               in               which               forty-three               adults               were               arrested               on               an               incredible               29,726               charges               of               sexual               abuse               involving               sixty               children.

The               overwhelming               majority               of               the               charges               were               later               determined               to               be               baseless               (Schneider               et               al.,               1998).

And,               in               1993,               U.S.

Attorney               General               Janet               Reno               used               allegations               of               ongoing               sexual               abuse               to               justify               her               decision               to               force               the               surrender               of               the               armed               Branch               Davidian               cult               near               Waco,               Texas,               an               action               which               resulted               in               some               ninety               deaths.

(Janet               Reno               has               a               documented               history               of               shabby               opportunism               and               fanaticism               on               issues               of               sexual               abuse               that               deserves               its               own               essay.

Alas,               time               and               space               constraints               do               not               allow               us               to               undertake               a               thorough               plumbing               of               the               depths               of               Reno's               record.)
               Emerging               from               this               atmosphere               of               increasing               militancy               in               confronting               the               sexual               abuse               problem,               the               current               era               dates               from               the               special               revulsion               of               the               public               in               the               early               1990s               to               the               sexually               motivated               murders               of               child               victims               Polly               Klaas               in               California               and               Megan               Kanka               in               New               Jersey.

The               Kanka               murder               in               particular               created               feelings               of               disbelief               among               the               public,               as               her               killer               was               a               convicted               sexual               offender               living               in               the               victim's               neighborhood.

Within               three               months               of               her               murder               in               1994,               New               Jersey               responded               to               public               outrage               with               the               first               "Megan's               Law",               mandating               a               system               of               community               notification               of               the               whereabouts               of               convicted               sexual               offenders,               on               the               premise               that               such               a               system               would               better               protect               the               state's               children.

The               Megan               Nicole               Kanka               Foundation,               formed               to               promote               Megan's               Law               throughout               the               U.S.,               avers               in               its               purpose               statement               that               "Every               parent               should               have               the               right               to               know               if               a               dangerous               sexual               predator               moves               into               their               neighborhood"               (Our               Mission,               2005).

Few               voices               were               heard               at               the               time               suggesting               that               any               unintended               consequences               might               ensue               from               the               new               experiment;               one               notable               exception               was               sexual               offense               expert               Robert               Freeman-Longo,               who               will               be               mentioned               later.
               The               federal               government's               Jacob               Wetterling               Act               of               1994               and               a               supplementary               act               in               1996               essentially               made               Megan's               Law               a               federal               mandate,               but               this               was               almost               a               redundancy;               most               states               were               already               rapidly               following               New               Jersey's               example               in               establishing               sexual               offender               registration,               including               Michigan               in               1995.
               III.

General               perceptions               of               the               American               population               regarding               sexual               offenders
               In               order               to               understand               the               attraction               that               community               notification               laws               hold               for               members               of               the               public,               especially               parents,               we               must               first               consider               some               of               the               views               about               sexual               offenders               that               are               commonly               held,               particularly               those               that               are               questionable               or               inaccurate.

The               first               of               these               perceptions               is               that               sexual               offenders               are               incorrigible;               that               neither               punishment               nor               treatment               will               induce               them               to               avoid               re-offending.

New               York.
               Assemblyman               Jim               Hayes,               arguing               in               favor               of               across-the-board               "civil               confinement",               recently               claimed               that               sexual               offenders               have               a               re-offense               rate               of               "nearly               100               percent"               (Hayes,               2005).

In               this               claim,               he               follows               another               state               legislator,               Pennsylvania's               Beverly               Mackereth,               who               offered               the               more               modest               figure               of               98               percent               in               a               2004               article               (Joyce,               2004).

Other               public               figures               and               politicians,               while               not               always               providing               such               bizarre               and               unsourced               statistics,               have               contributed               to               the               public's               belief               that               the               recidivism               rate               among               sexual               offenders               is               so               much               higher               than               that               of               other               categories               of               criminal               offenders               that               the               treatment               of               sexual               offenses               as               a               unique               category               of               crime               is               warranted               (Lotke,               1997;               Levine,               2002).

To               further               shore               up               this               perspective,               it               is               often               argued               that               social               science               has               established               that               "nothing               works"               when               it               comes               to               therapy               for               sexual               offenses               (Lotke,               1997).
               Another               premise               on               which               the               public               often               bases               its               fervent               support               for               registration               is               the               frequent               conflation               of               sexual               offenses               with               violent               ones.

A               "bait               and               switch"               technique               is               employed,               in               which               the               most               lurid               sexual               crime               in               the               headlines               at               the               moment-usually               a               murder-is               offered               as               representative               of               sexual               offenses               in               general.

This               identification               of               sexual               offenders               with               rapist-murderers               is               often               packaged               with               the               implicit               or               occasionally               explicit               corollary               that               sexual               offenders               are               to               be               seen               as               proper               targets               of               violence.

Doug               Giles,               a               right-wing               syndicated               columnist,               is               not               the               most               well               known               pundit               to               jump               aboard               this               particular               bandwagon,               but               he               is               one               of               the               most               extravagant.

Giles               published               a               column               in               April               2005               which               began               by               mentioning               the               recent               murders               of               child               victims               Jessica               Lunsford               and               Sarah               Lunde,               and               ended               by               advocating               the               death               penalty               for               sexual               offenders;               not               rapist-murderers               in               particular,               but               sexual               offenders.

His               column,               being               perhaps               the               first               in               recent               times               to               demand               a               literal               return               to               lynch               law,               is               worth               quoting               at               length:
               Let's               make               [registered               sex               offenders]               shake               in               their               boots...Let's               get               the               local               TV               news               to               run               dailies               of               their               faces               and               the               places               they               inhabit.

Let's               get               the               newspapers               to               have               a               special               sewage               section               dedicated               to               showing               and               keeping               tabs               on               them.

Let's               put               HazMat               signs               in               the               front               yards               where               these               creeps               live....Let's               force               them               out               of               our               communities               and               let               them               get               their               own               place               where               all               of               them               can               feel               at               home               and               not               be               judged,               and               where               they               can               do               the               dirty               deeds               to               each               other.

I               know               a               perfect               place;               it               is               666               Lucifer               Lane,               close               to               the               river               Styx               on               Dante's               second               concentric               circle.

And               I'm               positive,               positive,               there               would               be               a               lot               of               people               available               to               help               get               them               there               (Giles,               2005a).
               What               makes               this               descent               into               psychopathology               by               a               normally               respectable               conservative               writer               explicable,               if               not               justifiable,               is               the               writer's               apparent               identification               of               the               categories               "sexual               offender"               and               "child               rapist-murderer."               In               November               2005               Giles               offered               a               less               blood-curdling               but               equally               paralogical               repeat               performance               in               an               attack               on               the               American               Civil               Liberties               Union,               identifying               the               murderers               of               Jeffrey               Curley               with               the               general               population               of               registered               sex               offenders               (Giles,               2005b).
               A               further               common               belief               held               by               many               in               the               public-and               by               those               to               whom               the               public               looks               to               interpret               events,               the               news               media-is               that               when               a               sexual               offender               is               apprehended               and               convicted,               they               frequently               face               a               mere               'slap               on               the               wrist'               from               the               justice               system.

News               commentator               Bill               O'Reilly               recently               claimed               "You               can               rape               a               child               [in               New               Hampshire]               and               some               loony               judge               can               give               you               probation"               (Kentucky               Community               and               Technical               College               System,               2005),               trading               on               the               violent               connotation               of               the               word               "rape",               and               not               troubling               to               mention,               of               course,               when               any               such               thing               has               happened               in               New               Hampshire.
               IV.

Inadequacy               of               these               perceptions
               Is               the               purple               prose               of               these               increasingly               militant,               even               hysterical               voices               to               be               taken               as               a               sound               basis               for               public               criminal               justice               policy?

The               Michigan               cases               of               teacher               Brian               Corbitt               and               teenager               Justin               Fawcett               may               provide               a               partial               answer.
               In               late               2002,               in               lame               duck               session,               the               Michigan               legislature               passed               a               substantial               tightening               of               the               state's               criminal               sexual               conduct               laws.

Among               the               changes               enacted               was               the               elevation               of               the               age               of               consent               in               relationships               involving               schoolteachers               and               their               students               from               sixteen               to               eighteen               years.

The               act               went               into               effect               in               2003               with               little               fanfare-too               little               fanfare,               it               would               appear.

At               the               time,               Brian               K.

Corbitt               was               a               high               school               teacher               in               Homer,               Michigan,               in               his               mid-twenties.

He               engaged               in               a               sexual               relationship               with               a               sixteen-year-old               student               and               thus               became               the               first               person               prosecuted               under               the               new               law.
               Despite               having               no               criminal               record               and               having               been               unaware               of               the               recent               alteration               in               the               age               of               consent,               a               sentence               of               six               to               fifteen               years               was               recommended.

Corbitt               wrote               to               Judge               Conrad               Sindt               "I               do               not               think               I               can               survive               a               prison               sentence."               On               the               morning               he               was               to               be               sentenced,               Corbitt               was               found               hanging               in               his               mother's               garage,               a               victim               of               suicide               (Christenson,               2004).

While               it               appears               to               have               been               the               prospect               of               incarceration               and               not               that               of               registration               that               precipitated               Corbitt's               self-destruction,               it               can               be               argued               that               the               case               does               belie               the               common               public               perception               of               what               qualifies               as               a               sexual               offense.
               Justin               Fawcett               was               an               eighteen-year-old               from               Oakland               County,               Michigan               who               pled               guilty               to               the               crime               of               seduction               based               on               the               revelations               in               the               "teen               sex               diarist"               case               of               2002.

The               diarist               was               a               fourteen-year-old               girl               who               chronicled               consensual               sexual               encounters               with               twenty-two               boys               and               men.

Eventually               five               young               adults               were               prosecuted               for               participating               in               the               liaisons,               and               the               cases               ended               with               the               county               prosecutor               sensibly               negotiating               a               plea               bargain               on               the               reduced               charge               of               seduction.

One               reason               offered               for               charging               the               men               under               the               seduction               statute               was               the               general               agreement               that               their               offenses               did               not               warrant               the               additional               intrinsic               burdens               and               humiliations               of               public               registration.
               In               early               2004               it               was               ruled               by               the               Michigan               Supreme               Court               that               Fawcett's               name               would               be               registered,               negating               his               contrary               plea               agreement.

Fawcett's               life               began               a               downward               spiral               that               ended               in               his               death               of               a               drug               overdose               on               March               3,               2004.

His               untimely               end               did               spur               the               Michigan               legislature               to               enact               a               small               but               needed               reform               to               the               state's               registration               system,               permitting               young               registrants               in               certain               cases               to               petition               for               their               names               to               be               removed               from               the               registry               (Householder,               2004).
               What               can               we               learn               from               these               examples?

Among               the               many               commonly               held               assumptions               that               underlie,               and               explain,               the               typical               American               view               of               the               sex               offender               is               the               facile               notion               that               every               sexual               offense               creates               a               traumatized               victim;               and               further,               that               the               offender               is               fully               cognizant               of               this               and               therefore               responsible               for               the               trauma.

This               notion               is               easily               disproved               by               even               a               casual               consideration               of               the               headlines.

In               the               Corbitt               case               cited               earlier,               there               is               no               reason               whatever               to               suppose               that               Brian               Corbitt's               lover               was               traumatized               by               their               relationship-a               relationship               that               would've               been               legal               a               year               earlier,               would've               been               legal               in               a               number               of               other               states,               and               would've               been               legal               had               Corbitt               been               in               almost               any               profession               other               than               education.

On               the               other               hand,               it               would               be               absurd               to               believe               that               she               has               been               unharmed               by               the               consequences               of               the               ruthless               enforcement               of               an               ill-advised               law.

Indeed,               in               such               cases               as               the               increasingly               popular               use               of               police               decoys               in               trapping               would-be               sexual               offenders               online,               no               victim,               traumatized               or               otherwise,               exists               at               all.

(It               is               worth               noting               that               Maryland's               highest               court               has               disallowed               this               latter               practice)               (Kunkle,               2005).
               It               is               also               not               widely               known               that               states               such               as               Minnesota               and               Missouri               include               in               their               state               "sex               offender"               registries               persons               never               convicted               of               any               sexual               offense               even               as               the               term               is               understood               legally.

In               Gunderson               v.

Hvass               (2003),               a               registrant               who               was               exonerated               of               rape               but               convicted               of               physical               assault               was               denied               relief               from               Minnesota's               requirement               to               register.

He               was               required               to               register               because               he               was               convicted               of               a               crime               "arising               out               of               the               same               set               of               circumstances"               as               the               discredited               rape               charge,               and               the               U.S.

Eighth               Circuit               Court               of               Appeals               ruled               that               since               the               registry               was               a               "non-punitive"               and               "regulatory"               action,               the               presumption               of               innocence               did               not               attach.
               The               Missouri               registration               system               has               also               come               under               increased               scrutiny               of               late.

It               has               been               amended               at               least               four               times               since               originally               being               enacted               in               1994;               the               ever-changing               rules               have               resulted,               among               other               problems,               in               many               registrants               not               knowing               they               were               registrants               and               even               that               they'd               had               arrest               warrants               issued               for               failure               to               register.

Many               were               told,               prior               to               the               original               enactment               of               the               law,               that               their               criminal               record               would               be               expunged               with               a               plea               bargain.

One               source               reports               a               father               being               listed               on               the               registry               for               pleading               to               misdemeanor               child               abuse               for               administering               a               spanking               to               his               own               child               with               a               belt,               which               became               a               legal               issue               only               as               a               result               of               a               bitter               divorce               (KMBC,               2005).

(A               lawsuit               on               the               constitutionality               of               the               Missouri               registration               system               was               settled               in               2006,               with               the               Missouri               Supreme               Court               permitting               most               regulations               while               striking               down               some               of               the               law's               "retroactive"               provisions.)
               The               "slap               on               the               wrist"               myth               must               be               answered               as               well.

Many               public               figures,               including               the               above               mentioned               Bill               O'Reilly,               appear               to               have               adopted               the               curious               idea               that               sexual               offenders               are               actually               favored               by               the               justice               system-and               occasionally               they               will               point               to               an               outrageously               atypical               case               to               illustrate               their               point.

It               is               never               mentioned               by               the               same               critics,               of               course,               when               an               arguably               excessive               sentence               for               sexual               misconduct               is               handed               down.

In               2004               ex-police               detective               Edwin               Mann               of               Orlando,               Florida               received               a               twenty-six               year               prison               sentence               for               a               consensual               sexual               relationship               with               a               fourteen-year-old               girl.

Barely               one               year               later,               two               central               Florida               residents               (John               and               Linda               Dollar)               were               convicted               of               physically               abusing               five               of               their               seven               adopted               children               thus:
               The               five               children               were               so               severely               underfed               that               twin               14-year-old               brothers               weighed               just               36               and               38               pounds               each               --               about               80               pounds               below               normal.

Police               compared               their               conditions               to               victims               of               Nazi               concentration               camps....Prosecutors               said               the               couple               also               tortured               five               of               the               children,               ages               12               to               17,               with               an               electric               cattle               prod               and               bondage               equipment.

One               of               the               children               told               police               his               toenails               were               ripped               off               with               pliers               (Reed,               2005).
               In               contrast               to               Mann,               the               perpetrators               of               this               (at               least               apparently)               non-sexual               crime               each               received               a               sentence               of               fifteen               years'               imprisonment,               suggesting               that               the               'slap               on               the               wrist               for               sexual               offenders'               theory               is               as               much               an               urban               legend               as               the               habitation               of               the               New               York               City               sewers               by               alligators.

The               number               of               similarly               disparate               sentences               between               crimes               of               consensual               sex               and               crimes               of               barbaric               violence               is               unlimited;               but               it               seems               sufficient               to               rest               the               point               on               this               example,               as               it               is               doubtful               that               commentators               like               O'Reilly               actually               believe               what               they               are               saying.
               (In               a               development               worthy               of               the               pen               of               Kafka,               it               was               reported               in               late               2005               that               John               Dollar               had               offered               "religious               guidance"               to               accused               child-killer               John               Evander               Couey               while               both               were               incarcerated               in               Citrus               County               (Perez,               2005).
               V.

Reasons               for               the               inadequacy
               The               origin               of               the               lack               of               public               insight               into               the               problem               of               sexual               offending               begins               with               a               serious               misunderstanding               of               the               definition               of               key               terms               on               the               part               of               the               public.

The               language               employed               by               those               intent               on               tightening               restrictions               on               all               sexual               offenders               is               often               imprecise               and               emotive               (i.e.

"predator")               or               incorrectly               employed               (i.e.

"pedophile.")               We               will               consider               the               latter               example               for               the               moment.
               The               discipline               of               psychology               recognizes               pedophilia               as               a               pathological               condition               involving               the               persistent               sexual               attraction               of               an               adult               to               preadolescents.

It               is               commonly               accepted               by               many               mental               health               and               criminology               experts               that               pedophilia               is               a               condition               that               is               extremely               difficult,               or               impossible,               to               cure-a               conclusion               which               we               may               stipulate               as               true               for               the               sake               of               the               present               analysis.

It               is               apparent               from               listening               to               the               use               of               the               term               by               much               of               the               media               that               the               word's               colloquial               usage               is               more               politically               serviceable               than               scientifically               sound.
               In               the               first               place,               a               medical               diagnosis               of               pedophilia               is               not               interchangeable               with               the               legal               category               of               sexual               offenses               (or               even               "sexual               offenses               involving               child               victims");               one               may               exist               in               the               absence               of               the               other.

Sexual               offenders               with               child               (i.e.

underage)               victims               may               offend               for               reasons               other               than               suffering               from               a               psychopathological               condition               of               pedophilia.

For               instance,               an               offender               convicted               of               consensual               sexual               relations               with               an               adolescent               victim               would               not               be               diagnosable               as               a               pedophile               (or,               necessarily,               as               a               member               of               any               other               pathological               category.)               On               the               other               hand,               even               offenders               with               preadolescent               victims               may               offend,               not               due               to               a               pedophilic               orientation,               but               because               of               opportunity,               curiosity,               or               occasionally               even               revenge               against               the               victim's               parents               (Lanning,               2001).

Finally,               not               all               sexual               offenses               have               child               victims;               forcible               rape               of               an               adult               and               public               indecency               with               an               adult               are               sex               crimes,               but               obviously               not               evidence               of               a               pedophilic               psychosexual               condition.

Therefore,               a               proposition               that               is               true               with               respect               to               pedophiles               as               a               group               will               not               therefore               be               true               of               the               much               larger               general               population               of               sexual               offenders,               except               by               coincidence.
               Second,               there               is               a               false               unstated               premise               at               work               to               the               effect               that               a               recidivism               rate               equals               the               inverse               of               a               cure               rate.

In               reality,               there               are               a               variety               of               reasons               a               person               who               is               not               cured               of               an               underlying               condition               may               not               re-offend-whether               for               reasons               of               conscience,               lack               of               opportunity,               or               fear               of               the               consequences.

To               employ               a               close               analogy:               alcoholism               is               not               considered               a               curable               condition,               but               it               would               be               patently               absurd               to               claim               that               no               alcoholics               remain               sober.
               The               combined               effect               of               these               two               misconceptions               has               been               to               transmute               the               arguably               true               proposition               "Pedophilia               has               a               very               low               cure               rate"               to               the               demonstrably               false               proposition               "sexual               offenders               have               a               very               high               recidivism               rate,"               and               the               corresponding               public               belief               that               whatever               is               done               to               sexual               offenders               to               protect               the               public               from               their               incorrigibility               is               no               more               than               they               deserve.

Owing               to               this               confusion               (and               to               the               human               race's               perennial               desire               for               scapegoats)               sexual               offenders               remain,               even               to               a               greater               degree               than               terrorists,               the               single               group               about               which               one               can               say               literally               anything               and               be               believed.
               The               number               of               sources               that               could               be               employed               to               discredit               the               'universal               recidivism'               theory               could               easily               overwhelm               this               article.

It               is               therefore               necessary               to               focus               on               a               few               of               the               most               pertinent               ones.
               In               2003,               a               major               report               was               issued               by               the               U.S.

Department               of               Justice               concerning               prisoners               released               in               the               United               States               in               1994.

According               to               this               study,               the               rate               of               reconviction               of               released               sex               offenders               for               a               new               sex               crime               over               a               three-year               period               was               5.3%--with               a               reconviction               rate               of               3.5%.

(It               must               be               admitted,               of               course,               that               a               three-year               recidivism               rate               is               far               from               the               same               as               a               lifetime               recidivism               rate.)               The               overwhelming               majority               of               new               sexual               offenses               committed               by               the               parole               prisoners               were               committed               by               those               in               the               non-sexual               offender               category               (Bureau               of               Justice               Statistics,               2003).
               The               records               kept               by               the               Michigan               parole               board               from               1990               to               2000               also               tell               a               drastically               different               tale               than               the               commonly               accepted               one.

According               to               its               statistics,               sexual               offenders               have               the               second               lowest               recidivism               rate               of               any               category               of               crime--the               first               being               homicide.

Fewer               than               seven               percent               of               paroled               sexual               offenders               commit               a               new               crime,               and               in               fewer               than               half               of               those               instances               is               the               crime               another               sexual               offense.

(It               may               be               objected               that               there               is               a               built-in               bias               in               parole               board               statistics,               since-if               the               parole               board               is               competent-recidivism               of               parolees               should               be               less               than               recidivism               of               parolees               plus               inmates               whose               sentences               have               expired               without               parole.

But               as               this               bias               operates               to               some               extent               for               all               offense               types,               it               is               probably               of               minimal               significance.)
               In               1997,               researcher               Eric               Lotke               identified               three               discrete               studies               that               placed               sexual               offender               re-offenses               over               extended               periods               of               time               in               the               teens               (i.e.

under               20               %.)               One               would               express               this               conversely               by               saying               that               over               80               percent               do               not               re-offend-almost               the               diametric               opposite               of               what               is               typically               heard               in               public               discourse               on               the               subject.

Lotke's               view               of               the               re-offense               statistics               has               been               supplemented               more               recently               in               a               Canadian               study               (a               study               on               the               relationship               between               age               and               recidivism)               that               found               average               recidivism               rates               below               twenty               percent               in               all               offense               categories               (Hanson,               2001).
               In               regard               to               the               view               that               no               sexual               offender               therapy               works               (except               "castration",               as               the               late               mental               health               non-expert               Ann               Landers               helpfully               recommended               in               1995),               this               idea               is               largely               traceable               to               the               findings               of               researcher               Lita               Furbe               and               those               of               the               U.S.

General               Accounting               Office               (GAO),               which               found               re-offense               rates               similar               for               treated               and               non-treated               sex               offenders,               and               concluded               on               this               basis               that               treatment               was               ineffective               (Lotke,               1997).

The               GAO               study               cautioned               that               "more               work               was               needed               before               firm               conclusions               could               be               reached"               (GAO,               1996).

Yet               in               contrast               to               the               fatalism               that               is               heard               from               public               authorities,               the               Institute               for               Psychological               Therapies               has               been               successfully               employing               cognitive               therapy               for               many               years               in               treating               sexual               pathologies;               and               a               study               from               Vermont               documented               a               three-year               re-offense               disparity               of               8.2               %               to               4.6               %               for               untreated               and               treated               offenders,               respectively               (Lotke,               1997).
               In               addition               to               the               above               factors,               the               lack               of               attention               paid               to               the               unique               problem               of               youthful               offenders               gives               the               public               a               false               impression               of               the               problem.

"Youthful"               offenders               does               not               merely               mean               young               adults               such               as               Justin               Fawcett;               in               many               states,               including               Michigan,               Kansas,               and               Iowa,               it               may               include               minors               whose               crime               involved               consensual               experimentation               with               age-peers.

The               psychiatric               abuse               experienced               by               many               of               these               children               has               been               well               documented               (Garfinkle,               2003;               Zimring,               2004);               and,               in               an               ironic               twist,               among               the               other               disadvantages               of               community               notification               is               the               inability               of               persons               in               many               states               to               "live               down"               an               incident               which               may               have               happened               when               they               themselves               were               legally               too               young               to               consent               to               sexual               activity.

In               Utah,               a               13-year-old               girl               was               impregnated               by               her               12-year-old               boyfriend;               both               were               convicted               of               sexual               abuse               and               both               were               required               to               register               as               sexual               offenders               (Associated               Press,               2005).
               VI.

Vigilantism
               Human               Rights               Watch,               via               its               U.S.

Program,               is               currently               conducting               research               about               state               sex               offender               registries.

The               research               is               specifically               focused               on               the               broadness               of               the               registries               and               the               effect               that               widespread               community               notification               has               on               the               ability               of               registered               sex               offenders               to               find               a               place               to               live               free               from               harassment               and               acts               of               vigilantism.

Their               concern               is               not               a               theoretical               exercise               in               benevolence,               but               a               response               to               actual               conditions               that               have               followed               the               drive               for               community               notification               laws               (Carey,               2005).
               One               of               the               frauds               perpetrated               on               the               public               by               advocates               of               community               notification               laws               has               been               the               supposedly               non-troubling               placidity               of               the               public               response               to               registrants.

We               have               been               repeatedly               told               that               vigilantism               is               a               phantom               threat,               and               that               the               public               is               mature               enough               to               take               revelations               of               their               neighbors'               offenses               in               stride.

Is               this               the               reality               in               the               United               States?
               Vigilante               activity               against               sexual               offenders,               whether               convicted,               accused               or               merely               suspected,               did               not               begin               with               Megan's               Law.

But               even               many               of               those               favoring               the               new               community               notification               efforts               began               to               acknowledge               an               acceleration               in               such               activity               by               the               end               of               the               1990s.

A               U.S.

Department               of               Justice               survey               reported               in               2000               that               83               per               cent               of               Wisconsin               registrants               had               reported               being               excluded               from               housing               due               to               their               registrant               status;               77               per               cent               had               experienced               threats               or               harassment,               and               3               per               cent               had               experienced               an               actual               vigilante               attack               (Zevitz,               et               al.,               2000).

This               consistent               with               other               reports               from               the               same               period.

According               to               a               British               observer:
               On               May               18,               2001,               Judge               J.

Manuel               Bañales               of               Corpus               Christi,               Texas,               ordered               21               registered               sex               criminals               to               post               signs               on               their               homes               and               automobiles               warning               the               public               of               their               crimes,               and               the               results               were               almost               immediate.

One               of               the               offenders               attempted               suicide,               two               were               evicted               from               their               homes,               several               had               their               property               vandalized               and               one               offender's               father               had               his               life               threatened,               according               to               court               testimony.
               Was               Judge               Bañales               repentant?

Not               a               bit:               "They               have               only               themselves               to               blame,"               he               contended               (Milloy               2001).
               One               of               the               more               noted               instances               of               the               justice               system               itself               being               transmuted               into               a               tool               of               vigilantes               was               the               case               of               Kevin               Kinder               of               Tampa,               Florida.

After               release               from               a               total               of               nine               years'               prison               and               post-release               civil               commitment,               the               mother               of               one               of               Kinder's               victims               organized               a               movement               to               shadow               Kinder               from               motel               to               motel,               handing               out               flyers               and               drawing               attention               to               his               criminal               history,               even               after               having               effectively               expelled               Kinder               from               her               own               county.

Admitting               openly               that               their               goal               was               to               maneuver               Kinder               into               violating               his               parole,               it               was               considered               a               cause               for               celebration               when,               after               over               a               year               of               harassment,               Kinder               was               sentenced               to               sixty               years               in               prison               for               a               series               of               parole               violations.

One               of               the               violations               based               on               which               Kinder               received               a               sentence               three               times               longer               than               his               original               maximum               sentence               for               rape               was               for               disappearing               from               authorities-               while               hiding               from               the               mob               in               his               attorney's               office               (Goffard               2002;               Goffard               2003).
               Florida               Statute               784.048               provides               that               "In               August               2003               convicted               sexual               offender               and               ex-priest               John               Geoghan               was               murdered               in               his               prison               cell               in               Massachusetts               by               neo-Nazi               inmate               Joseph               Druce,               who               was               serving               a               life               sentence               for               murder.

While               there               were               a               few               shocked               comments               in               the               media               at               the               time               about               the               failure               of               security               in               the               institution,               it               was               shrugged               off,               in               most               quarters,               as               a               predictable,               if               undesirable,               instance               of               "jailhouse               justice"               in               the               words               of               state               representative               Demetrius               Atsalis.

It               is               noteworthy               that               Druce               (subsequently               convicted               of               murder               in               the               incident)               was               confident               enough               in               the               moral               acceptability               of               his               crime               to               make               a               play               for               public               sympathy,               shouting               at               his               arraignment               "Let's               keep               the               kids               safe!"               and               "Hold               pedophiles               accountable               for               their               actions!"               (Associated               Press,               2003).
               Finally,               the               manufactured               hysteria               came               to               its               logical               conclusion               in               a               double-murder               of               two               sexual               offenders               in               Bellingham,               Washington               in               August               2005.

Previous               documented               murders               of               sexual               offenders               have               sometimes               been               uncertain               as               to               motive-they               could               plausibly               have               been               revenge               killings,               underworld               killings,               etc.

The               Bellingham               murders,               however,               were               committed               by               a               vigilante               member               of               the               public               who               selected               their               names               at               random               from               the               publicly               accessible               sex               offender               registry,               alarming               even               the               local               newspaper               into               a               belated               warning               to               avoid               acts               that               might               tend               to               undermine               the               public               registry               (Vigilantism               threatens               community               notification,               2005).

In               the               spring               of               2006               another               double-murder               occurred               when               a               mentally               unbalanced               Canadian               murdered               two               sexual               offenders               in               Maine.

And,               although               it               attracted               little               comment               at               the               time,               the               short               stories               and               recorded               ramblings               of               mass               murderer               Cho               Seung-Hui               revealed               an               obsession               with               sexual               abuse,               and               contempt               for               sexual               offenders,               only               slightly               more               robust               than               that               of               Doug               Giles               and               Bill               O'Reilly.

Cho               raged               in               particular               against               John               Mark               Karr-an               apparently               delusional               ne'er-do-well               who'd               never               been               convicted               of               a               crime-and               Debra               Lafave,               who'd               never               harmed               a               fly,               but               who               gave               an               underage               boy               an               orgasm.

Cho's               belief               that               homicidal               violence               was               a               proper               and               fitting               response               to               sexual               turmoil               was               not               the               product               of               his               own               disordered               brain,               but               a               belief               in               which               this               country               is               steeped,               owing               to               the               irresponsibility               of               the               guardians               of               our               culture.
               These               developments               were               entirely               predictable               to               anyone               who               has               followed               the               news               of               the               past               fifteen               years               out               of               the               United               Kingdom.

The               violence               and               irrational               barbarism               toward               sex               offenders,               whipped               up               by               the               tabloid               press,               reached               its               apex               in               1994               with               the               burning               alive               of               a               young               girl               by               inept               vigilantes               who               torched               the               home               of               a               sexual               offender               (Dodd,               2000).

In               other               British               instances,               pediatricians               have               been               threatened               and               assaulted               by               mobs               who,               unsurprisingly,               didn't               know               the               difference               between               "pediatrician"               and               "pedophile."
               To               see               in               all               these               acts               no               more               than               random               eruptions               of               unpredictable               hatred               is               nonsensical.

They               are,               on               the               contrary,               the               inevitable               end               result               of               a               media               culture               which               plays               fast               and               loose               with               the               facts,               uses               the               most               irresponsible               propaganda               imaginable,               and               leaves               law               enforcement-and               the               families               of               victims-to               pick               up               the               pieces               when               the               panic               they've               created               boils               over               into               violence.

But               from               the               witch               trials               of               Salem,               to               the               red               scares               of               the               1920s               and               1950s,               to               the               current               sexual               offender               panic--there               appears               to               be               a               recurring,               cyclical               need               in               American               life               to               adopt               scapegoats               in               order               to               validate               the               public's               prejudices               and               fears.

The               technical               term               for               this               phenomenon               is               "moral               panic"               and               we               are               now               witnessing               its               bitter               fruits.
               VII.

Further               costs               to               society               of               community               notification               laws
               The               notable               therapist               and               researcher               Robert               Freeman-Longo               has               identified               a               number               of               additional               concerns               that               call               into               question               the               desirability               of               the               community               notification               system.

While               acknowledging               the               reality               and               magnitude               of               the               sexual               abuse               problem,               and               lauding               the               intentions               of               that               favoring               the               existing               system,               Freeman-Longo               believes               that               the               goal               of               a               safer               society               is               not               well               served               by               the               notification               system.

He               has               been               among               its               persistent               critics               since               its               inception,               noting               the               lack               of               deliberation               in               its               passage               and               predicting               social               dislocations               as               well               as               the               types               of               vigilantism               documented               above               as               a               likely               result               of               the               new               laws               (Freeman-Longo,               1996).
               In               subsequent               publications,               Freeman-Longo               enunciated               other               objections               to               the               community               notification               system.

One               is               the               financial               cost               to               the               community               of               maintaining               the               database,               including               the               labor-hours               required               to               verify               that               the               public               information               is               correct.

The               federal               version               of               Megan's               Law               in               particular               operates               as               an               unfunded               mandate,               requiring               the               cooperation               of               the               state               governments               in               return               for               federal               money,               but               not               providing               additional               funds               to               defray               the               cost               of               its               implementation.

Another               collateral               effect               of               the               laws-and               one               almost               certainly               unforeseen               by               those               who               enacted               them--is               an               increased               unwillingness               on               the               part               of               many               victims               and               their               families,               as               well               as               some               professionals,               to               report               abuse               to               the               authorities:
               I               have               heard               from               a               variety               of               professionals               and               child               protection               workers               that               they               have               been               faced               with               the               ethical               dilemma               of               not               reporting               sex               crimes               perpetrated               by               youthful               abusers               in               order               to               avoid               the               consequences               these               young               people               face               from               registration               and               notification               laws.

Many,               in               fact,               have               revealed               that               they               have               not               reported               some               cases....

Reports               from               New               Jersey               and               Colorado               indicate               that               there               is               a               decrease               in               the               reporting               of               juvenile               sexual               offenses               and               incest               offenses               by               family               members               and               victims               who               do               not               want               to               deal               with               the               impact               of               public               notification               on               their               family               (Freeman-Longo,               2002).
               Also               on               the               list               of               Freeman-Longo's               indictments               of               the               notification               system               is               the               ostracism               faced               by               family               members               of               sexual               offenders;               in               at               least               one               case,               harassment               of               the               offender's               family               and               victim               continued               despite               the               fact               that               the               offender               himself               was               incarcerated               at               the               time               (!)
               VIII.

Conclusion.
               It               appears               that               some               forces               on               the               social               and               political               scene               have               either               learned               little               from               the               proliferation               of               hatred               against               those               charged               with               any               sex-related               offense,               or               consider               such               a               development               beside               the               point.

This               should               come               as               no               shock,               as               moral               crusaders               are               not               normally               given               to               analyzing               their               adopted               issue               in               a               nuanced               manner.

In               the               summer               of               2005,               Laura               Ahearn,               executive               director               of               Parents               for               Megan's               Law,               criticized               the               registration               system               for               its               lack               of               uniformity               and               insufficient               breadth;               the               classification               of               offenders               into               low-risk               and               high-risk               categories               is,               to               her,               unsatisfactory.

"You               could               live               right               next               to               a               predator               and               have               no               way               of               finding               out,"               lamented               Ahearn               (Kelly,               2005),               once               again               boldly               asserting               the               equivalence               of               committing               any               sexual               offense               with               'predation'.

Ahearn               is               also               notable               for               her               insouciant               response               to               the               death               of               Justin               Fawcett,               arguing               that:               "Every               single               state               has               an               age-buffer               law.

A               minor               is               a               minor,               and               that's               why               you               have               laws               to               protect               them"               (Householder,               2004).

Evidently               Ms.

Ahearn               is               unaware               that               Michigan's               "age-buffer               law"               (assuming               that               by               odd               word               choice               she               is               referring               to               what               is               sometimes               called               the               "Romeo               and               Juliet"               provision,               aimed               at               protecting               teens               in               consensual               relationships)               is               not               applicable               in               offenses               involving               sexual               penetration-or               else               believes               that               her               audience               is               unlikely               to               know               that               or               to               bother               finding               out.
               After               the               Lunsford               and               Bruschia               murders               in               Florida               and               the               Groene               murders               in               the               Northwest,               the               media               pressure               on               politicians               to               intensify               efforts               against               all               sexual               offenders,               regardless               of               offense               type,               increased.

Entertainer               Oprah               Winfrey,               who               commands               a               considerable               degree               of               credibility               with               the               American               public               on               the               issue               of               sexual               abuse               despite               a               lack               of               any               known               expertise               in               either               the               criminal               or               psychological               fields,               has               adopted               it               as               a               flagship               cause,               slapping               bounties               on               the               heads               of               fugitives               and               declaring               "We               are               going               to               move               heaven               and               earth               to               stop               an               evil               that's               been               going               on               far               too               long."               Oprah               Winfrey's               online               site               includes               one               of               the               most               bizarre               features               this               author               has               come               across               for               identifying               possible               "sex               offenders"-a               list               of               traits               vague               enough               to               identify               anyone               or               no               one,               e.g.

"Adults               your               children               seem               to               like               for               reasons               you               don't               understand."               It               should               be               mentioned               that               this               list               of               "sex               offender"               traits               is               included               as               a               feature               on               the               "child               predator               watch               list",               once               again               improperly               identifying               the               two               categories               (Harpo               Productions,               2005).

One               might               be               tempted               to               argue               that               this               is               merely               the               most               recent               example               of               the               prudent               mean               between               carelessness               and               paranoia               eluding               Winfrey               as               it               has               on               other               issues               (mad               cow               disease,               for               instance)               except               that               on               this               issue               it               has               eluded               the               rest               of               the               country               as               well.
               The               only               arguably               positive               development               in               recent               years               is               a               paradoxical               one.

The               U.S.

Department               of               Justice               (2005)               has               reported               that               the               number               of               registered               sexual               offenders               in               the               United               States               now               exceeds               500,000.

With               so               many               otherwise               productive               citizens               having               been               essentially               stamped               as               dangerous               predators-and               many               having               been               harassed               and               ostracized,               or               worse-a               number               of               them               and               their               family               members               have               become               sufficiently               radicalized               by               the               experience               to               become               politically               active               (many               have               little               left               to               lose               by               doing               so,               for               reasons               already               noted.)               Organizations               representing               registrants               and               seeking               to               reform               or               end               Megan's               Law               have               begun               the               arduous               process               of               lobbying               state               legislators.

The               superb               lobbies               SO               Hopeful,               the               Sex               Offender               Support               and               Education               Network               (SOSEN)               and               the               Coalition               for               a               Useful               Registry               (groups               originating               in               Oregon,               Florida               and               Michigan               respectively)               have               had               some               degree               of               success               in               fighting               especially               draconian               measures               proposed               by               the               legislature,               and               have               worked               toward               educating               the               public               as               to               the               unintended               negative               effects               of               notification               laws               and               providing               community               support               to               registrants               and               their               families.

Without               efforts               like               these,               our               nation               is               likely               to               experience               more               recidivism,               more               suicides,               more               homicides,               and               more               needless               incarceration.
               It's               time               to               deal               frankly               with               the               facts.

Paranoid               schemes               such               as               public               registration               have               been               given               their               chance               and               have               failed.

The               need               for               reform               and               for               a               common               sense               discussion               of               sex-related               crime               has               never               been               greater,               as               the               stakes               have               never               been               so               high               for               so               many               Americans.

And               the               only               way               to               achieve               reform               that               counts               is               to               demand               an               end               to               the               greatest               monument               to               political               demagogy               and               media               fear-mongering               in               recent               memory.

Repeal               Megan's               Law.
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Banishment               is               not               the               answer.

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A               time               for               anger:               porn,               pedophiles               and               your               kids.

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20,               
               2005,               from               Townhall.com               Web               site:               
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(2002).

Sex               offender's               past               stalks               him.

St.

Petersburg               Times               Online.


               Retrieved               Oct               16,               2005,               from               http://www.sptimes.com/2002/05/19/news_pf/Hillsborough/Sex_offender_s_past_s.shtml
               Goffard,               C.

(2003).

Child               molester               to               return               to               prison.

St.

Petersburg               Times               Online.


               Retrieved               Oct               16,               2005,               from               http://www.sptimes.com/2003/08/01/news_pf/Hillsborough/Child_molester_to_ret.shtml
               Gunderson               v.

Hvass               (2003)               339               F.3d               639               (8th               U.S.

Circuit.)
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K.

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20,               
               2005,               from               Oprah.com               Web               site:               
               http://www2.oprah.com/presents/2005/predator/predator_main.jhtml.
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(2005).

Murder               shows               need               for               civil               confinement.

Niagara               Gazette.

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               Nov               3,               2005,               from               http://niagra.cnhiindiana.com/story.asp?id=2794
               Householder,               M.

(2004).

Michigan               legislators               attempt               to               alter               state's               sex               offender               
               registry.

Retrieved               Dec.

01,               2005,               from               SignOnSanDiego.com               Web               site:               http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/nation/20040503-2321-youngsexoffenders.html.
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(2007,               April               20).

Reading               between               Cho's               lines.

Retrieved               February               2,               2008,               from               MSNBC               Web               site:               http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18221031
               Joyce,               T.

(2004,               Aug               21).Sex               offenders               create               legal               enigma;               A               York               case               is               upheld               as               an               
               example               of               recidivism               hurting               efforts               to               rehabilitate.

York               Daily               Record,               pp.

3/05.
               Kelly,               K.

(2005).

To               protect               the               innocent.

U.S.

News               and               World               Report,               
               138(22),               72-73.
               Kentucky               Community               and               Technical               College               System,               (2005).

Today's               news               for               August               
               23,               2005.

Retrieved               Oct.

21,               2005,               from               KCTCS               Web               site:               
               http://www.kctcs.net/todaysnews/index.cfm?tn_date=2005-08-23.
               KMBC-TV,               (2005).

Some               say               Missouri's               sex               offender               registry               flawed.

Retrieved               Nov.


               19,               2005,               from               TheKansasCityChannel.com               Web               site:               
               http://www.thekansascitychannel.com/news/5340859/detail.html.
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(2005).

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Washington               
               Post.com.

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               dyn/content/article/2005/09/07/AR2005090702067.html
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(2001).

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4th               ed.

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(2002).

Harmful               to               minors.

1st               ed.

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               Press.
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(1997,               Sep/Oct).

Politics               and               irrelevance:               community               notification               statutes.


               Federal               Sentencing               Reporter,               10:2.

Retrieved               Nov               3,               2005,               from               
               http://www.ncianet.org/stories/polnirr97.html.
               Megan               Nicole               Kanka               Foundation               (2005).

Our               mission.

Retrieved               Nov.

22,               2005,               from               
               http://www.megannicolekankafoundation.org/mission.htm.
               Milloy,               R.

E.

(2001).

Texas               judge               orders               notices               warning               of               sex               offender.

Retrieved               Oct.


               02,               2005,               from               Crime               Lynx               Web               site:               http://www.crimelynx.com/sexsign.html.
               Perez,               M.

(2005,               November               22).

Reports               may               shed               light               on               Couey               case.

Retrieved               June               16,               
               2006,               from               Ocala.com               Web               site:               http://www.ocala.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051122/NEWS/211220320/1001/news01
               Reed,               T.

(2005,               September               14).

"Florida               couple               pleads               no               contest               to               abusing               adopted               
               children."               Retrieved               February               2,               2008               from               the               Associated               Press               via               the               Billings               
               Gazette,               at               http://www.billingsgazette.com/newdex.php?display=rednews/2005/09/14/build/nation/88-adopted-kids.inc
               Schneider,               A.,               et               al.

(1998).

Children               hurt               by               the               system.

Retrieved               Dec.

2,               2005               from               
               Seattle               Post-Intelligencer               web               site               
               http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/powertoharm/therapy.html
               U.S.

Department               of               Justice,               (2005).

Department               of               Justice               links               New               Hampshire.


               Retrieved               Dec.

04,               2005,               from               2005               OJP               Press               Releases               Web               site:               
               http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/pressreleases/BJA060015.htm.
               Vigilantism               threatens               community               notification.

(2005).

News               Tribune.

Retrieved               Sep               21,               
               2005               from               http://www.thenewstribune.com/opinion/story/5170956p-4701985c.html
               Zevitz,               R.

et               al.

(2000).

Sex               offender               community               notification:               Assessing               the               impact               in               
               Wisconsin.

Retrieved               Nov.

30,               2005               from               National               Institute               of               Justice               web               site               
               http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/179992.pdf
               Zimring,               F.

(2004).

An               American               travesty:               Legal               responses               to               adolescent               sexual               offending.


               1st               ed.

Chicago:               University               of               Chicago               Press.






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ms office 2007 product key


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    1. nayminkhit.blogspot.com/   02/20/2012
      ...လိုအပ္ရင္ သံုးလို ့ရေအာင္ တင္ေပးလိုက္တာပါ. ms office 2007 professional & Ultimate & Enterprise မ်ားရဲ ့ Product Keys မ်ားျဖစ္ပါတယ္. အျမဲတမ္း update ျဖစ္ပါတယ္. အသံုးလိုတဲ့...
    2. tukangnggame-indonesia.blogspot.com/   07/15/2009
      ...Enterprise $59.00 at ... MS Windows Xp pro Sp2 + Office 07 (Today Only) Microsoft...Unlimited Installs PRODUCT KEY INCLUDED FULL...Microsoft Office Access 2007, Microsoft Office Excel...
    3. unlockforus.blogspot.com/   04/15/2010
      ... the Microsoft Office 2010 Product Key? I talked to one of the people...I’m going to give you the MS Office Home and Student 2007”. Looking at the retailer version...
    4. shine.yahoo.com/blogs/author/ycn-1411977/   10/24/2011
      ...keys stored remove invalid ms office 2003 office 2003 discount microsoft office student 2007 product key french patch microsoft office 2003 office 2003...
    5. unlockforus.blogspot.com/   01/15/2008
      ...Summary Information has been updated - Getting the Product Key of Office 2007 conflict with MS Visual Studio Web Authoring Component Thanks to CNET.com for...
    6. shine.yahoo.com/blogs/author/ycn-1411977/   10/24/2011
      ...hate the office 2007 ribbon i lost my microsoft office 2003 product key office 2003 standard...unable to save ms office 2003 ...goldmine microsoft home office 2007 product key microsoft office...
    7. evoice.wordpress.com/   08/14/2007
      ... for the new office products starting in the Fall 2007. Keep an eye on your... dates for MS Office 2007 and more. Key features of Office...
    8. supremophantom.blogspot.com/   09/08/2009
      ...Activation Crack [ psswrd: SupremoPhantom ] for MS-Office 2007 with SP2 , so I have shared the...SP2 already installed and have a product key as well, and now all you are...
    9. shine.yahoo.com/blogs/author/ycn-1411977/   10/24/2011
      ...microsoft office professional plus 2007 auto insert product key in office 2007 ea nhl 2004 gm office download office professional...office 2007 fix patch restore classic task bar ms office 2003 for dummies ...
    10. shine.yahoo.com/blogs/author/ycn-1411977/   10/24/2011
      ...2003 microsoft office 2004 word microsoft office access 2003 runtime download ms office 2007 information i need a office 2003 product key code office 2007 for students microsoft office 2003 will not...



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